Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate

Magnesium sulfate can be used as leather, explosives, paper, porcelain, fertilizer, and oral laxative in diagnosis and treatment.Magnesium sulfate is used as a fertilizer in agriculture because magnesium is one of the main components of chlorophyll.It is usually used for potted plants or magnesium-deficient crops such as tomatoes, potatoes, roses, etc.The advantage of magnesium sulfate over other fertilizers is its higher solubility.Magnesium sulfate is also used as a bath salt.

Basic information

Chemical properties

Stability: Anhydrous magnesium sulfate is easy to absorb water, and magnesium sulfate heptahydrate is easy to dehydrate

Toxicity: Toxic

Toxicological data: mouse subcutaneous: LD50 645 mg/kg (mouse subcutaneous); mouse intraperitoneal: 670-733mg/kg

Irritant: This product may cause stomach pain, vomiting, watery diarrhea, collapse, dyspnea, cyanosis, etc.

The main purpose

Medicine

(1) Magnesium sulfate can inhibit the intermediate nervous system, relax skeletal muscles, and have the effects of antispasmodic and intracranial pressure reduction.It is commonly used in the diagnosis and treatment of convulsions, eclampsia, uremia, tetanus and encephalopathy.More 10% magnesium sulfate 10ml deep intramuscular injection or 5% glucose diluted into 2% ~ 2.5% solution slowly drip.However, it should be noted that direct intravenous injection or large-dose intramuscular injection of magnesium sulfate is very dangerous. Generally, 25% magnesium sulfate can be used more than 15 ml each time.The patient's respiration and blood pressure should be observed during use, and the sluggish knee reflex is an important sign of sufficient magnesium ions.

(2) Magnesium plays an extremely important role in the metabolism of sugar and protein.Children in the growing and developing period should be supplemented with magnesium salts if they have and use vitamin D.

(3) Magnesium has many physiological functions similar to potassium.Because the clinical manifestations of magnesium deficiency are similar to potassium deficiency, magnesium deficiency is often easily overlooked.When the symptoms of potassium deficiency are still not improved after potassium supplementation, the possibility of magnesium deficiency should be considered first, so that hypomagnesemia can be corrected in time.Therefore, patients with long-term infusion should pay attention to magnesium supplementation while supplementing potassium.Adding 1 gram of magnesium sulfate to the daily infusion can prevent the occurrence of hypomagnesemia.

(4) When patients with cardiac insufficiency use digitalis drugs, magnesium salts can be appropriately supplemented to prevent low magnesium from aggravating the toxicity of digitalis.Clinically, magnesium salts are often effective in the diagnosis and treatment of tachycardia.

(5) Oral magnesium sulfate has little absorption in the intestinal tract, so it does not have the above-mentioned uses.However, oral magnesium sulfate has a good cathartic function, so magnesium sulfate is also called Epsom salt.After oral magnesium sulfate solution reaches the intestinal cavity, it has a certain osmotic pressure, so that the water in the intestine is not absorbed by the intestinal wall.The intestines retain a lot of water, which can mechanically stimulate the peristalsis of the intestines and defecate.Therefore, magnesium sulfate can be used for the diagnosis and treatment of abnormal fermentation in the intestine; it can be used together with the repellent to make the intestinal worms easy to discharge.Dissolve 5 to 20 grams of magnesium sulfate in 100 to 400 ml of warm water each time, and take it orally once in the morning.The concentration should not be too high, 5% is better, otherwise defecation will be delayed.

(6) Magnesium sulfate can stimulate the duodenal mucosa, reflexively cause the relaxation of the common bile duct sphincter and the contraction of the gallbladder, thereby promoting the emptying of the gallbladder and promoting gallbladder effect.Can be used for the diagnosis and treatment of cholecystitis cholelithiasis, 2 to 5 grams each time, 3 times a day, orally before or between meals.50% magnesium sulfate diluted to 33% (high concentration), 5ml Tid.

(7) Magnesium sulfate can be used as digestive tract imaging

(8) ~ To remove swelling This product 50% solution is applied with hot compress~, has the effect of ~ swelling.

Magnesium sulfate powder can be applied externally to reduce swelling, used to diagnose and treat swelling after limb trauma, help to improve rough skin, etc.

Magnesium sulfate is easily soluble in water, but not absorbed when taken orally. Magnesium ions and sulfate ions in the aqueous solution are not easily absorbed by the intestinal wall, which increases the osmotic pressure in the intestine and moves the water in the body fluid to the intestinal lumen, increasing the volume of the intestinal lumen. The intestinal wall expands, thereby stimulating the afferent nerve endings of the intestinal wall, reflexively causing the increase of intestinal peristalsis and catharsis. It acts on all intestinal segments, so the effect is fast and strong.For cathartic and duodenal drainage.

Intravenous and intramuscular injections of magnesium sulfate are mainly used for anticonvulsants. It can cause vasodilation and lead to a drop in blood pressure. Due to the intermediate inhibitory effect of magnesium sulfate and the relaxation effect of skeletal muscle, it has antihypertensive effects. It is mainly used clinically for eclampsia and tetanus. And other convulsions, but also for the treatment of ~ crisis.Also used as a solution to the poison of barium salts.

Industry

Used in tanning, explosives, fertilizers, papermaking, porcelain, printing dyes, lead-acid batteries and other industries.Magnesium sulfate, like other minerals like potassium, calcium, amino acid salts, and silicates, can be used as a bath salt.

Agriculture

Fertilizers: In agriculture and horticulture, magnesium sulfate is used to improve magnesium-deficient soils (magnesium is an essential element of the chlorophyll molecule), more commonly used in potted plants, or in magnesium-containing crops such as potatoes, roses, tomatoes, peppers and marijuana.The advantage of applying magnesium sulfate over other magnesium sulfate soil conditioners such as dolomitic lime is its high solubility.

Feed: Feed grade magnesium sulfate as a magnesium supplement in feed processing.Magnesium is an indispensable factor in the process of bone formation and muscle contraction in livestock and poultry. It is an agent of various enzymes in livestock and poultry, and plays an extremely important role in material metabolism and nerve function in livestock and poultry.If the body of livestock and poultry is deficient in magnesium, it will lead to material metabolism and nerve ~, supply imbalance, affect the growth and development of livestock and poultry, and even lead to death.

Precautions

Hazard overview

Health hazards: The dust of this product has a stimulating effect on mucous membranes, and long-term exposure can cause respiratory tract inflammation.Mistaken ingestion has cathartic effect, if there is renal dysfunction, it can cause magnesium poisoning, causing stomach pain, vomiting, watery diarrhea, collapse, dyspnea, cyanosis, etc.

Environmental Hazards: Harmful to the environment and can cause pollution to water bodies.

Explosion Hazard: This product is non-flammable and irritating.

Others: This substance is harmful to the environment. Special attention should be paid to the pollution of water bodies.

Risk term

Danger sign: R36/37/38

Storage and transportation characteristics

Transportation Precautions: The packaging should be complete and the loading should be secure at the time of departure.During transportation, make sure that the container does not leak, collapse, fall or be damaged.It is strictly forbidden to mix and transport with oxidants, edible chemicals, etc.During transportation, it should be protected from exposure to sunlight, rain, and high temperature.The vehicle should be thoroughly cleaned after transportation.When transporting by road, follow the prescribed route.

Operation precautions: closed operation, local exhaust.Prevent dust from being released into the workshop air.Operators must undergo special training and strictly abide by operating procedures.It is recommended that operators wear self-priming filter dust masks, chemical protective glasses, protective work clothes and rubber gloves.Avoid generating dust.Avoid contact with oxidants.Equipped with leakage emergency treatment equipment.Empty containers may be harmful residues.

Storage Precautions: Store in a cool, ventilated warehouse.Keep away from fire and heat sources.Protect from direct sunlight.Package is sealed.should be kept away from oxidizer, do not store together.Storage areas should be provided with suitable materials to contain spills.

Disposal method: Dispose of in landfill.If possible, reuse the container or bury it in a designated place.

First-aid

Skin touch: Take off contaminated clothing and rinse with running water.

Eye touch: Lift the eyelids and flush with running water or normal saline.seek medical attention.

Inhalation: Get out of the area quickly to fresh air.Keep the airway open.If breathing is difficult, give oxygen.If breathing stops, give artificial respiration immediately.seek medical attention.

Ingestion: Drink enough warm water to induce vomiting.seek medical attention.

Fire-fighting measures

Hazardous properties: It does not burn by itself.Decomposed by high heat to release toxic gases.

Hazardous Combustion Products: Sulfur oxides, magnesium oxides.

Fire fighting methods: Firefighters must wear full-body fireproof and gas-proof clothing and put out the fire in the windward direction.Move containers from the fire to an open area as far as possible when putting out a fire.Then choose the appropriate fire extinguishing agent according to the cause of the fire.

Emergency treatment

Isolate the leaked contaminated area and restrict access.It is recommended that emergency personnel wear dust masks and general work clothes.Do not come into direct contact with spillage.

Small amount of leakage: avoid dust, carefully sweep up, collect and transport to the waste disposal site for disposal.

Large spill: Collect for recycling or transport to waste disposal site for disposal.