Calixarene is a class of cyclic oligomers formed by connecting phenol units through methylene groups adjacent to the phenolic hydroxyl group. Due to its adjustable cavity size, multiple active phenolic hydroxyl groups, and electrophilic substituted benzene rings, this polymer can form host guest inclusion complexes with various ions and organic molecules, and is known as the third generation of host guest macrocyclic compounds after crown ethers and cyclodextrins.