Anhydrous lithium hydroxide

Chemical properties

It is easy to absorb carbon dioxide and moisture in the air, but the absorption capacity is slightly worse than that ofNaOHandKOH.Lithium hydroxide has the general property of alkali, and the following reactions can occur.

1.alkaline reaction

It can make purple litmus test solution blue and colorless phenolphthalein to turn red; and its concentrated solution can denature phenolphthalein after experimental verification, so that the solution changes from red to colorless (similar to concentratedNaOH).

2.neutralized with acid

HCl+LiOH=LiCl+H2O

3.Reacts with acidic oxides

2LiOH+CO2=Li2CO3+H2O(this reaction is used to absorb carbon dioxide in aerospace)

4.Reacts with metal salt solutions

FeCl3+3LiOH=Fe(OH)3↓+3LiCl

Use

Lithium hydroxide can be used as developing agent and lubricating oil for spectral analysis.The additive of alkaline battery electrolyte can increase the electric capacity by12%to15%and increase the service life by2to3times.

It can be used as an absorbent for carbon dioxide and can purify the air in submarines.

The chemical equation is:2LiOH(s)+CO2(g)=Li2CO3(s)+H2O(l).

It is used to make lithium salt and lithium-based grease, electrolyte of alkaline battery, absorption liquid of lithium bromide refrigerator, etc.;used in petroleum, chemical industry, light industry, nuclear industry, etc.When used in alkaline batteries, the aluminum content is not more than0.06%, and the lead content is not more than0.01%.It is used as an analytical reagent, a photographic developer, and also in the manufacture of lithium;it is used as a raw material for the preparation of lithium compounds.It can also be used in metallurgy, petroleum, glass, ceramics and other industries.