Theanine is a characteristic amino acid in tea, which is synthesized by glutamic acid and ethylamine under the action of theanine synthetase in the root of tea plant. It is an important substance to form the taste of tea, which is mainly manifested as fresh and sweet, and is the main component of tea. 26 kinds of amino acids (6 kinds of non protein amino acids) were identified in tea, which generally accounted for 1% ~ 5% of the dry weight of tea, and theanine accounted for more than 50% of the total free amino acids in tea. As the most abundant characteristic non protein amino acid in tea, theanine is safe, non-toxic and has many biological activities, such as antioxidation, immune regulation, anti-aging, antagonizing cell excitotoxicity caused by excessive glutamate. At the same time, L-theanine, as an alkyl amine, can be activated γ- T immune cells promote cell proliferation and cytokine secretion, enhance the ability to resist tumor cells, reduce the infection of external microorganisms, and reduce the risk of cold and influenza.