Antibiotics

Metronidazole is a kind of nitroimidazole antibiotics, also known as metronidazole, metronidazole, metronidazole and metronidazole. It can kill anaerobes. The metabolites produced when it is reduced in human body also have anti anaerobes effect, inhibit the synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid, interfere with the growth and reproduction of bacteria, and eventually lead to the death of bacteria, Anti anaerobes generally include: Bacteroides fragilis, Fusobacterium (named for its sharp spindle shape at both ends), tetanus, peptococcus, peptococcus and Giardia. It was initially used for the treatment of vaginal trichomoniasis, and the clinical effect is very significant. Later, it was found that metronidazole can also kill the anaerobic bacteria causing oral infection. In 1978, it was identified as a specific drug for anti anaerobic bacteria infection by the World Health Organization, which was widely used in the prevention and treatment of oral anaerobic bacteria infection. In hospital, this product is often used to prevent and treat respiratory tract, digestive tract, abdominal and pelvic infections caused by anaerobic bacteria, skin and soft tissue and bone and joint infections, pericarditis, sepsis and brain diseases.

Cefuroxime Sodium is the sodium salt form of cefuroxime and a semi-synthetic, broad-spectrum, beta-lactamase resistant, second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with bactericidal activity. Cefuroxime sodium inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by inactivating penicillin binding proteins (PBPs) thereby interfering with the final transpeptidation step required for cross-linking of peptidoglycan units which are a component of the cell wall. Lack of cross-linking results in a reduction of cell wall stability and leads to cell lysis.

Fusidic acid is a kind of fusulinic acid antibiotic with steroidal skeleton. Its chemical structure is similar to that of cephalosporin P, but not a hormone. It is produced by fusidium coccineum or some Cephalosporium spp in fungi. Its antibacterial spectrum is narrow, similar to that of neomycin. It has obvious effect on Bacteroides fragilis, Streptococcus, streptococcus, Streptococcus, Streptococcus, Streptococcus, Streptococcus, Streptococcus The effect of Streptococcus pneumoniae is weak. Its mechanism of action is to inhibit the protein synthesis of bacteria and play an antibacterial or bactericidal role. In vitro, staphylococcus is easy to develop drug resistance to this product, and there is no cross resistance between bacteria and other anti infective drugs. Clinically, fusidic acid is used for osteomyelitis or skin and soft tissue infection caused by sensitive bacteria. It can also be used for other deep infection, such as sepsis, pneumonia, endocarditis, etc.

Veterinary antibiotics are used for bacterial diseases of pigs, chickens and fish caused by sensitive bacteria, especially for respiratory infection and intestinal infection.

Rifaximin, a rifamycin derivative, was developed by Alpha Company of Italy. It was listed in Italy as an anti infective diarrhea drug in 1987, and has been widely used abroad since then. It was approved by SFDA in 2004 and has been clinically used in China. Rifamycin is a semi synthetic antibiotic with broad antibacterial spectrum and strong antibacterial effect. It can form a high blood concentration in the intestinal tract. It can inhibit Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus faecalis in Gram-positive aerobic bacteria, Salmonella, Shigella, Escherichia coli and Yersinia enterocolitica in Gram-negative aerobic bacteria, Bacteroides in gram positive anaerobes have high antibacterial activity. Its mechanism of action is to inhibit the bacterial polymerase, block the transcription of RNA, and then inhibit the synthesis of bacterial protein, thus reducing the production of ammonia. Its antibacterial effect is characterized by: 1) strong antibacterial force, broad antibacterial spectrum, bactericidal effect on most Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria (including aerobic and anaerobic bacteria), and stronger effect on Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative bacteria; 2) It is not absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract and has high concentration in the intestinal tract. It can rapidly play an antibacterial role in the local area by killing intestinal pathogens, and does not need to be combined with the use of intestinal antispasmodics and adsorbents.