Pharmaceutical Raw Materials

Phosphocreatine - or creatine phosphate - is the phosphorylated form of creatine. It is primarily found endogenously in the skeletal muscles of vertebrates where it serves a critical role as a rapidly acting energy buffer for muscle cell actions like contractions via its ability to regenerate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from adenosine diphosphate (ADP).

Fluocinolone Acetonide is the acetonide salt form of fluocinolone, a synthetic fluorinated corticosteroid with antiinflammatory, antipruritic and vasoconstrictive properties. Fluocinolone is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist that binds to cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptors and subsequently translocates to the nucleus where it initiates the transcription of glucocorticoid-responsive genes such as lipocortins. Lipocortins inhibit phospholipase A2, thereby blocking the release of arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids and preventing the synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes, both are potent mediators of inflammation. Fluocinolone exerts its vasoconstrictive effect through inhibition of nitric oxide synthase, thereby blocking nitric oxide production and effectively diminishing the effect of nitric oxide on vascular smooth muscles leading to reduced blood flow.

Methyltestosterone is used for various diseases that require vitamin supplementation, to supplement the nutrition necessary to maintain the normal physiological metabolism of the human body, and is mainly used in medicine, food and cosmetics.

Quingestrone (INN, USAN) (brand name Enol-Luteovis; former developmental code name W-3399), also known as progesterone 3-cyclopentyl enol ether or as 3-cyclopentyloxypregna-3,5-dien-20-one, is a semisynthetic, steroidal, pure progestin that was developed by Vister and introduced in Italy as an oral contraceptive (in combination with ethinyl estradiol or mestranol) in the early 1960s. It is closely related to progesterone, being the 3-cyclopentyl enol ether of the sex hormone, and acts as a prodrug to it via slow hydrolysis in the body. In accordance with its nature as a prodrug to progesterone, quingestrone produces identical metabolites (e.g., pregnanediol and allopregnanediols), although with differing ratios. Relative to progesterone, the drug shows improved pharmacokinetics, including higher potency, oral activity, and a longer half-life and hence duration of action due to higher lipophilicity; it is sequestered into and slowly released from fat. Quingestrone also shows slower metabolism and more stable blood levels, with a longer time to peak concentrations and a less intense peak compared to progesterone. Quingestrone is the only clinically available progestogen that converts to progesterone, and hence, is the sole progesterone prodrug to have been introduced for clinical use. Along with the retroprogesterone derivative dydrogesterone, quingestrone is described as a "true" progesterone derivative due to its close similarity to natural progesterone. Similarly to progesterone, dydrogesterone, and hydroxyprogesterone caproate, quingestrone is a pure progestogen and lacks any androgenic effects. As such, it poses no risk of androgenic side effects or virilizing teratogenic effects on female fetuses. Accordingly, the drug was studied in the clinical prevention of miscarriage during pregnancy; however, insufficient efficacy was observed at the dosage assessed (100mg/day p.o.). Quingestrone is said to influence the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis similarly to progesterone and medroxyprogesterone acetate, producing adrenal suppression at sufficiently high doses, and this suggests that it possesses (very) weak glucocorticoid properties similarly to progesterone. The bioavailability of quingestrone is greatest when it is given as a sesame seed oil solution (compared to an oil suspension (~2-fold less) or micronization (~7-fold less)).

Norverapamil ((±) - norverapamil), an n-demethylated metabolite of verapamil, is an L-type calcium channel blocker and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) functional inhibitor.